Discovery and identification of natural triploid ploidy of Chinese jujube cultivar Pingguozao. 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. As one of the longest-cultivated fruit trees in the world, jujube has abundant germplasm resources after undergoing long periods of natural evolution and artificial selection. Sin.36, 196200 (2003). The temperature in this period is better between 18 ~ 25 . Zhao, Z., Liu, M. & Tu, P. Characterization of water soluble polysaccharides from organs of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Jujube Tree Roots. Bi, J., Yu, J., Bai, S., Wang, P. & Ding, Y. How to Transplant Jujube Suckers | Home Guides | SF Gate var. Fruit. The latter was further divided into Ser. PLoS ONE9, e109850 (2014). Plant Prot.1, 9297 (2013). Zhang, L. et al. In recent years, the interploidy hybridization of jujube and the interspecific hybridization between jujube and sour jujube were successfully carried out20,84,85. Hortic Res 7, 119 (2020). Jujube research can be roughly divided into five periods as follows10. To date, a total of ~930 jujube genotypes have been preserved, accounting for at least 90% of the total jujube genotypes in the world. B, Hortic.LXI, 143154 (2017). Liu, D., Ye, X. Sci. Planta248, 11871199 (2018). The first is China Fruit Tree Records-Jujube, mentioned above. Propagation is by seeds, although the commercial varieties must be propagated vegetatively by suckers, root cuttings, or grafting. Bot. Univ. The classification system for the Ziziphus genus was proposed based on field investigations, textual research on specimens and historical documents65. Food, Agric. Fresh keeping and changes in some physiological indexes of Chinese Dongzao jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Construction of a dense genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of trunk diameter in Chinese jujube. When the two plant species grow together interspecific interactions between them inevitably occur. Acta Hortic. Studies of root systems and the nutrition-use efficiency of dense, dwarfed fruit . Jinsi 4 on its fruit cracking and nutritional quality in the South. A gene block located in the region from 9.20 to 14.68Mb of pseudochromosome 1 is highly conserved and contains many genes related to sugar metabolism and stress tolerance. Zhang, Z. Optimization of A High-density Genetic Map for Chinese Jujube and QTL Mapping for Several Important Traits. Agric. Wang et al. In: Ashton MS, Montagnini F (eds) The silvicultural basis for agroforestry systems. Can J Bot 84:16861694, Zamora DS, Jose S, Nair PKR (2007) Morphological plasticity of cotton roots in response to interspecific competition with pecan in an alley cropping system in the southern United States. Morphological, cytological and nutritional changes of autotetraploid compared to its diploid counterpart in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). var. Acta Hortic. Liu, M. & Wang, M. Germplasm Resources of Chinese Jujube (China Forestry Publishing House, 2009). Fruit drying technology has gradually changed from traditional natural drying under the sun to dehydration in a drying room or by drying machine129. There are many traditional processed jujube products, such as candied jujube, smoked jujube, stoneless sugared jujube, jujube liquor, liquor-saturated jujube, jujube jam, jujube paste, and so on103,148,149. Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E. & Butcaru, A. C. Jujube fruits behaviour at controlled atmosphere storage. Construction of a high-density genetic map of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. Sci. and wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) These dominant cultivars have replaced the traditional cultivars, which has greatly improved the cultivar structure in China. This evidence showed that the traditional jujube cultivation technology system had been established at 1500 YA, and many of these processes have been used continually until the present. Liu, P. et al. J. An excellent new cultivar of Chinese jujube with high resistance to jujube witches broom disease Xingguang. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Ashton PS (2000) Ecological theory of diversity and its applications to mixed species plantation systems. Zhang, W., Rao, J., Li, K., Li, W. & Wu, Y. Mengjun Liu. The ethylene and ABA pathways are involved in regulating jujube fruit ripening30,31. research in Romania. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9609-x. Jujube is difficult to keep fresh. - 148.251.123.50. Approximately 1500 YA (the Northern Wei Dynasty), Jia Simiao wrote a famous agricultural book called Qi Min Yao Shu that not only recorded 45 jujube cultivars but also described cultivar selection breeding, orchard site selection, planting times and methods, flower thinning, girdling, harvesting, and jujube paste processing. In: Ong CK, Huxley P (eds) Treecrop interactions: a physiological approach. We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields, including genome sequencing and application, germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy, breeding and genetics, cultivation theory and techniques, pest control, postharvest physiology and techniques, and nutrition and processing. Based on the main contents of jujube research, the landmark achievements and the supporting role for jujube industry development, this period can be further subdivided into three stages3the period of recovery after World War II (19491978), the period of accelerating development (19791999), and the period of comprehensive development (20002019). & Jiang, Y. Chinese Dates: A Traditional Functional Food (CRC press, 2016). PDF Competitive interaction in jujube tree/cotton agroforestry system in What is the best way to plant a jujube tree? Fu, T. Study on the Technology of Ice-temperature Storage of Dongzao Jujube. In addition, 11 jujube cultivars were recorded in Erya, a book written 2600 years ago. Acta Hortic. by high-performance liquid chromatography. Acta Hortic. Growth model and visualization of a virtual jujube tree and wild jujube. Agrofor Syst 48:2540, Gruenewald H, Brandt BKV, Schneider BU, Bens O, Kendzia G, Huettl RF (2007) Agroforestry systems for the production of woody biomass for energy transformation purposes. These authors contributed equally: Mengjun Liu, Jiurui Wang, Lili Wang, Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Mengjun Liu,Lili Wang,Ping Liu,Zhihui Zhao,Zhiguo Liu,Li Dai&Xuan Zhao, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Sustainable Agriculture Science Center at Alcalde, New Mexico State University, 371 County Road 40, Alcalde, NM, 87511, USA, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 100000, China, Propaganda Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China, You can also search for this author in The root distribution reacts primarily to the availability of water and nutrients. The modern jujube industry development period (1949present). Plant Syst. On the other hand, the lignification of bearing shoots changes the deciduous habit of bearing shoots and increases the pruning labor costs. Sin.33, 687 (2006). Characteristics of fruiting and fertility of different cultivars of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Hao, Z., Dai, L., Wang, J., Wu, X. Jiang, H. & Liu, M. Studies on polyploid induction of Chinese jujube with colchicine. The contents of sugar, vitamin C, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are around 2, 100, and 1000 times those of apple, respectively. Liu, M. & Wang, J. After entering the 21st century, in the desert of southern Xinjiang Province, China, a novel cultivation model for high early yields and high fruit quality was established. Jujube has also been successfully grafted onto Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lam.) Hebei12, 19 (1989). The flesh is as sweet as honey and as crisp as an apple or pear. Shen, C., Jia, S., Zheng, X., Tang, Z. Forests10, 392 (2019). Fu found that controlled freezing-point storage was better than normal cold storage in terms of delaying ripening and aging126. & Liu, M. Screening and evaluation of germplasms with high resistance to fruit cracking in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Zhang et al. var. Fore.32, 117121 (2004). Chem. Jujube | Description, Tree, Fruit, & Species (6) Quality and nutrition preservation with postharvest and processing technology: adapting to internet and international marketing and upgrading the jujube market structure; making jujube an essential raw material in several superfoods that are increasingly requested by the market in addition to being directly used as fresh or dried fruit13; extending different production and processing certification systems (e.g., Global GAP, Organic, etc.) Trans. Based on the classical taxonomic system, jujube is listed in the Rhamnaceae family, Rhamnales order63. China Fruits2, 6470 (2015). Fruit. Qi, J. et al. These findings may partly explain the interspecific competition effects in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry systems. Genome-wide identification and analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Study on hyperspectral rapid detection of Vc content in Lingwu jujube. Corrections? Slider with three articles shown per slide. Qu, Z., Li, S., Wu, Y., Sun, P. & Hu, J. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2011). A strategy combining WGS sequencing, BAC-to-BAC and WGS-PCR-free library was employed to address the impact of the high complexity of the jujube genome, which has a high heterozygosity of 1.90%, a low GC content of 33.41% and a high density of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) (378.1 per Mb). At present, there are two opposing viewpoints about the respiratory type of jujube fruit, i.e., climacteric or nonclimacteric, even for the same cultivar (Dongzao)116,117,118. var. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Zhang, W., Ahanbieke, P., Wang, B.J. Evaluation on nutritious characteristics and germplasm screening of different Chinese jujube cultivars. Wang, L., Wang, H. & Wang, C. Effect of O2 and CO2 concentration on respiration, relative electrical conductivity, contents of chlorophyll and skin color of Dongzao jujube fruit. Acta Hortic.840, 259262 (2008). J. Since the 1980s, various cultivation techniques focusing on high yield were developed for the leading cultivars and main production areas, which increased production by over 50%, increased the high-quality fruit rate by over 30%, and reduced pesticide use by over 50%102,103. Google Scholar. The rate of obtaining hybrids in jujube is usually <0.01% by the traditional crossing approach. Hebei Agricultural Universtiy, Baoding (2008). ) in a Paulownia and wheat intercropping system. Technol.226, 985989 (2008). Univ.4, 7275 (1984). . B Hortic.LXIII, 1724 (2019). At 7240 years ago, the domestication of jujube trees started1. Part of Springer Nature. It has been spread all over China, with a cultivation area of ~2 million hectares and an annual production of over 8 million tons. (4) Year-round fresh fruit supply: integrating the selection of cultivars with different maturation times, half-red harvesting, shelf life preservation, long-distance cold transportation, and long-term storage techniques such as controlled freezing-point storage, as well as protected cultivation, for advancing or delaying ripening and preventing fruit cracking. Li, D., Du, X., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & He, J. Callus induction and embryogenesis of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Commun.5, 5315 (2014). Acta Hortic. Given the limitations of traditional selection breeding for obtaining breakthrough cultivars and the extreme difficulty of cross-breeding in jujube, polyploid breeding seems to be a promising prospect. Shu, J. Planting Tips. Yan, C. et al. This method can produce cross and reciprocal-cross hybrids at the same time85. Jujube fruits are eaten fresh, dried, boiled, stewed, and baked and are used to flavour tea. Li, R., Li, X., Huang, J. & Gao, Q. The house that backs up to my house never had sprinklers in . J. & Huang, J. The same depth should be used to plant bare-root trees as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the mother river of the Chinese people. (8) International exchange and cooperation: enhancing global jujube research, production, and marketing; promoting more international research, including multicountry, multisite variety, and technology testing, within bilateral agreements and especially with the help of the Jujube Working Group of the International Society for Horticultural Sciences. Materials and methods. Li, D. Descriptors and Data Standard for Chinese Jujube (China Agriculture Press, 2006). It ferments readily and lose firmness when it is tightly sealed in conventional plastic bags under cold storage. Agroforest Syst 87, 929939 (2013). Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, M. & Qian, J. cv. jujube, either of two species of small spiny trees of the genus Ziziphus (family Rhamnaceae) and their fruit. J. These techniques effectively solve the problem of a short supply period for open field cultivation and can increases revenues by 35 times. Liu, Z. et al. Plant Breed.16, 33953400 (2018). After entering the 21st century, great progress has been made in polyploidy and cross-breeding in jujube. Plant Cell Tiss. Asian J. Chem.24, 792796 (2012). Ciceoi, R., Dobrin, I., Mardare, E. S., Dicianu, E. D. & Stnic, F. Emerging pests of Ziziphus jujuba crop in. Among them, stimulating sucker propagation by cutting off the roots at the periphery of the vertical projection of the canopy and separating fasciculate suckers can increase the reproductive coefficient, while gathering and nurturing the suckers in a nursery can greatly improve the quality of the root system.

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