$<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. i got the conversion completely wrong because i got the energy output in joules, thought i was in megatons of TNT, then converted back to joules which is why i was so far off, Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/69440/, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/74019/, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? The very find dust gets around the problem that a chunk of antimatter in the presence of ordinary matter acts a bit like a chunk of sodium dropped into water. Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside the brain? The human body also releases antimatter. achieving the specified result. There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. The neutrinos will carry away a fraction of the energy but the rest will heat the vicinity into a fireball. Check your math. Or a kilogram? In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. What's happening is that the heat produce by the initial reaction with the surface of the chunk of sodium boils the water around it and drastically slows down the reaction. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? How explosive is Antimatter, Really? : r/AskPhysics - Reddit 4. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. But case 2 deserves a better answer after all anti-matter is not cheap and they are always out of stock at Home Depot. The time of interaction is very short. The basic principleis that so much energy is concentrated at a single point that it creates mass the mass of matter. The recipethey use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. I mean like a lot of people I've looked at the "NukeMap" website and gone "Wow, the Tsar Bomb really is pretty destructive", what would the Enterprise-D crashing into a city look like by comparison. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. And yet, there is very little antimatter in the universeso its been a known problem for many years. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate . Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1kg of TNT. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. How much energy is released? - Worldbuilding Stack Exchange Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. barrels of oil. Joules. This result eliminates one possible loophole that Big Bang cosmologists were hoping to exploit in an attempt to solve this longstanding problem with their model. For an explosion of TNT equivalent mass, WWW and scaled distance, ZZZ. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. For safety purposes a range as wide as 26736702J has been stated for a gram of TNT upon explosion. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. [9], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. When a bit of matter comes into contact with its evil antimatter twin, they cancel each other out, releasing all the energy stored inside them. WAY too much. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. What Is Antimatter? | Wonderopolis We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Something like this would probably be your optimal (in terms of parsimonious use of anti matter, anyway) approach for #1 and #2. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. Scale that over the entire planet and you get 2.9 kg of antielectrons. Let's shoot to heat up the atmosphere by 200K; there's no way anyone's surviving that. [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. But this result isnt bizarre at allits simply a confirmation of earlier, but less precise, measurements of the antiprotons magnetic moment. The ablative engine, which slowly vaporizes itself to produce thrust, could go as high as 5,000 seconds. The best chemical rockets, like NASA's Space Shuttle main engine, max out at around 450 seconds, which means a pound of fuel will produce a pound of thrust for 450 seconds. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. This means that although equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have formed, they weren't quite equal, he adds. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Tons Of Tnt to Calories | Kyle's Converter", "Convert tons of TNT to joules | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to BTU - British Thermal Unit | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to foot pounds | energy conversion", "Tons Of Tnt to Kilowatt-hours | Kyle's Converter", "The Energy in Wildfires: The Western United States", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "How do Thunderstorms and Lightning Work? This makes it incredibly hard to store antimatter. rev2023.5.1.43405. The asteroid belt just happens to contain a 400 km asteroid built to order, 10 Hygiea Plugging in the numbers (assuming a 17 km/sec impact) you get somewhat more than 1E28 joules, a rather significant savings compared the the gravitational potential of the earth, but still a lot of antimatter just to destroy it with a single bomb, roughly 6E10 kg of antimatter. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters. To study antimatter, you must prevent it from being annihilated . He says an alternative hypothesis is that we're living in a part of the Universe filled with matter but other parts might be full of antimatter. In our case, we're taking the mass of earth plus the mass of the antimatter planet. The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the. What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ Still a big bang. How many thermonuclear bombs needed to make a hole from the surface to the Mantle of a planet that is the same size as planet Earth? It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. rev2023.5.1.43405. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. A Tsar Bomb? If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. religious interview questions and answers sharleen spiteri ashley heath . Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. [10], Such differences can be substantial. [2] Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~91013 joules. 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. But even this is insanely expensive for only one bullet. This worksheet is primarily designed to assist mining companies in determining if they should submit form 9-4040-A to the U.S. Geological Survey. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. Scientists estimate creating and storing a gram of antimatter would cost in excess of a million billion dollars and require about 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. This stops it from making contact with matter. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. There is no antimatter left in the Universe from the Big Bangthat we're aware of, he says. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? What if I had a gram? But it's really not that big of an explosion. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans, eradicate all animals and blow up the Earth? The reality is that. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. Check the revision history; if it's appropriate, feel free to roll back my roll back! Even on larger time scales, creating enough anti-matter to destroy the earth will still be very difficult without invoking the drop a rock strategy. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. The same process happens in the human body too, so we're all creating anti-electrons. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. By converting all their mass into energy, you're getting more bang for your buck with an antimatter explosion. So it depends on how much anti-matter you have. nuclear physics - Would a matter-antimatter explosion cause fallout

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